With the World getting more and more populated, the space available for people to build residential and commercial buildings is as a result getting less. Unfortunately, many of these buildings are built in areas that are prone to earthquakes and this is extremely dangerous because depending on the magnitude, the earthquake itself or its aftershocks have the ability to wreak havoc.
Whenever tall high-rise buildings are being constructed the fear of earthquake devastation is always present. Due to the lack of space in the world construction in earthquake-prone areas is inevitable, but what can be done to make these large buildings safer should an earthquake occur?
As global warming continues to rise, the frequency of earthquakes does so too and the risk of people dying increases but earthquakes themselves do not kill people; poorly constructed or manmade buildings and structures do – and this was the reason that seismic building codes were created.
What are seismic building codes?
Seismic building codes are a sort of standard or regulations that were created for buildings to protect people from being injured or killed by buildings in the event of earthquakes.
Seismic building codes originate from Portugal, way back in the 1700s because of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, although modern seismic building codes are mainly based on and influenced by the Californian earthquakes. The first seismic regulations came about after two earthquakes – the San Francisco 1906 earthquake and the Santa Barbara earthquake in 1925. The Santa Barbara earthquake was the final push for the regulations which were then added to the Uniform Building Code of 1927.
These seismic regulations held up well until the Long Beach earthquake of 1933 which bared the stark truth that even with the seismic building codes in place, there were still very many structural loopholes present. Louis John Gill, an architect, carefully examined and analyzed the failures in the structures and his findings made a portion of the foundation for the California seismic legislation which is part of the Field Act for schools, and the Riley Act which is for all buildings. These legislations are now used around the world and are constantly undergoing evaluation and evolution which on more occasions than one coincides with earthquakes that happen in California.
Due to the seismic building codes and legislation, architects around the world have since been coming up with innovative and secure building designs to better protect lives and prevent the loss of lives. These smart building designs also prevent the loss of property by making sure that buildings do not cave in on themselves during strong earthquakes.
How do earthquake-resistant buildings work?
Earthquake-resistant buildings work by ensuring that buildings are properly grounded and connected to the earth through the foundation. The first step of this is usually to avoid building on ground that is not sturdy such as swampy or sandy areas – instead buildings built on rockier and firmer earth are less likely to collapse in on themselves.
While this may be a good way of preventing great loss during earthquakes one needs to remember that buildings are constructed in a way that supports vertical pressure such as the weight of people or more layers and floors. Earthquakes, on the other hand, do not; they operate somehow by vibrating horizontally hence the name ‘earthquake’ the earth literally shakes, and no matter how steady of a foundation the building is on, a powerful earthquake or aftershock could cause major structural weaknesses that can then result in the collapse of the building.
Due to this fact advances in building design such as plastic rings around the foundation of buildings that absorb and pass the shocks or floors that cannot collapse are in the making and some parts of the world, such as Japan, are already in use.
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