When choosing a commercial roofing material, it’s essential to consider durability, cost, energy efficiency, and the specific needs of your building. The roof plays a critical role in protecting your property, ensuring energy efficiency, and adding aesthetic value. This detailed guide explains what are the best types of commercial roofing materials for your business. We will help you make an informed decision by examining their advantages, disadvantages, costs, and ideal applications.
Understanding Commercial Roofing Options
Commercial roofing is a specialized system that protects and maintains large-scale buildings, such as offices, warehouses, medical facilities and shopping malls. Generally, commercial roofing systems are classified into three types:
- Flat Roofs: Ideal for mounting rooftop equipment and utilizing space efficiently. Commercial flat roofing often requires tapered insulation to ensure water drainage and prevent ponding.
- Low-Slope Roofs: Slightly sloped to facilitate drainage, suitable for various materials, but not ideal for all systems, such as metal.
- Steep-Slope Roofs: Similar to residential roofs, these are typically constructed with metal or wood trusses and are often used in aesthetically focused designs.
Regular inspections and prompt repairs can help detect early signs of damage, saving money on costly roof replacement and minimizing disruptions to business operations. By investing in high-quality materials and a skilled roofing contractor, property owners can ensure reliable protection for their business and ensure a more comfortable workspace.
Here is the complete breakdown of the most popular types of commercial roofing materials and how to select the right one.
1. Single-Ply Roofing (TPO, PVC, EPDM)
Single-ply commercial roofing systems, popular in North America since the 1960s, are widely used for commercial flat roofs due to their lightweight, flexibility, and durability. Manufactured under strict quality control, these membranes resist UV radiation and harsh conditions.
Pros: There are two main types of single-ply membranes – thermoplastic (TPO and PVC) and thermostat (EPDM). These membranes are installed in an easy single layer, making them a popular choice for commercial construction. TPO and PVC are particularly reflective, reducing cooling costs, while EPDM offers excellent weather resistance.
Cons: Single-ply roofing can be susceptible to punctures in high-traffic areas and may lack aesthetic versatility. Costs of single-ply roofing per square foot fall within the low to mid-range, suitable for energy-conscious businesses.
Best for: Lightweight and durable flat roofs that need to be constructed within short timeframes.
Now, let’s explore the advantages and disadvantages of these three single-ply roofing membranes.
A. PVC Roofing
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) roofing is a single-ply membrane valued for its chemical resistance, durability, and energy efficiency. It is a thermoplastic roof membrane composed of two layers of PVC and reinforced with polyester in between. The top layer contains additives that make the membrane UV resistant and prevent curing while the bottom layer contains black PVC, made of plasticizers for flexibility.
Pros: The material’s heat-welded seams create an impermeable barrier, thus, a preferred choice for industrial facilities and restaurants. It is resistant to bacteria, moisture, chemicals including animal fats and oils, tears or leaks, fire, and wind. The Vinyl Roofing Division of the Chemical Fabrics and Film Association states that PVC roofing has initial reflectivity values of 0.80 or higher, meaning it reflects at least 80% of sunlight. Also, PVC roofing is quite durable and can last between 20 and 30 years.
Cons: However, its upfront cost is higher than other single-ply systems, typically ranging from $10.00 to $12.50 per square foot. Though the roofing material decreases cooling costs, its production is not eco-friendly. Over time, PVC membranes may shrink or become brittle in cold climates, leading to cracks.
Despite these cons, PVC remains an excellent thermoplastic for businesses requiring robust, low-maintenance roofs.
Best for: Moisture or chemical-resistant roofs for flat commercial buildings. PVC roofs will also work in humid, windy, or sunny climates.
B. TPO Roofing
TPO (Thermoplastic Polyolefin) roofing is a durable and affordable single-ply membrane ideal for commercial building owners preferring energy-efficient applications. A TPO roofing is composed of polypropylene and ethylene-propylene rubber reinforced with a polymer mat.
Pros: The seams between TPO sheets are heat-welded together, creating a robust bond necessary to prevent a leaking roof. TPO sheets can also be installed by mechanical fasteners, adhesives, or ballasting. Like other commercial single-ply membranes, TFO can last 15 to 20 years. Available in white, gray, and tan colors, TPO’s reflective surface helps lower cooling costs and oftentimes may contribute toward LEED credit qualifications. The material is resistant to mold, dirt, UV rays, and chemical corrosion. While TPO is less expensive than PVC, with installation costs between $6.00 and $12.00 per square foot, its quality varies by manufacturer.
Cons: According to the National Roofing Contractors Association (NRCA), TPO occupies nearly 40% of the commercial roofing market. Its popularity has led some manufacturers to produce lower-quality materials, requiring expert roofing contractors to purchase from reputable suppliers. Since TPO rolls are available in small widths of 4, 6, 10, and 12 feet, they need multiple seams which increases the possibility of future roof damage. Prolonged exposure to intense heat can lead to premature aging and seam damage.
Best for: Cost-effective, energy-efficient roofs in warm climates.
C. EPDM Roofing
EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer), or rubber roofing, is a flexible and weather-resistant material ideal for flat roofs or green roofs.
Pros: Resistance to UV radiation and temperature fluctuations makes EPDM a versatile option for various climates. EPDM roofing is also resistant to acids, solvents, and alcohol that can cause roof deterioration. A 2010 Life Cycle Inventory and Assessment (LCA) study revealed that black and white EPDM membranes outperform many other single-ply and bitumen-based materials in terms of global warming potential, acidification, and smog formation.
Also known as a Thermoset roofing, this single-put membrane offers excellent durability and can last 50 years with proper maintenance. Installation costs range from $6.00 to $10.00 per square foot, making EPDM one of the most affordable roofing materials.
Cons: However, the material is black like a rubber’s inner tube and hence is prone to punctures and may absorb heat if not coated with an expensive reflective finish. Seams of EPDM roofing are not bonded with adhesives, which can compromise the roof membrane’s longevity. Finally, this roofing material is not aesthetically customizable for commercial building owners.
Best for: Flat or low slope roofs in moderate climates that focus on durability over appearance.
2. Modified Bitumen Roofing
Modified bitumen roofing (MBR) is a versatile option that combines layers of asphalt, polymerized rubber or plastic, and fiberglass reinforcement for flexibility and strength. Mod Bit membranes are typically installed as two or three-ply systems with either self-adhesive sheets, heat welding, torch applied, or cold adhesives, making it suitable for various climates.
Pros: Modified bitumen roofing costs between $4.00 and $7.50 per square foot, offering an extremely affordable solution for industrial and commercial building owners or contractors. Its five layers provide excellent waterproofing and resistance to extreme weather conditions, making it ideal for commercial flat roofs with frequent foot traffic.
Cons: The layered application can increase installation costs and complexity. Repairs may also be more labor-intensive compared to single-layer systems. The average life expectancy of modified bitumen roofing is 15 to 20 years, which is shorter than other commercial roofing materials.
Best for: High-traffic flat roofs with affordable durability.
3. Built-Up Roofing (BUR)
Built-up roofing (BUR), also known as tar-and-gravel roofing, is a traditional system that has been popular in North America for over 100 years. The commercial roofing system involves heating asphalt to 500 degrees and mopping it directly onto the roof deck or insulation. While the asphalt is still hot, layers of roofing materials, reinforced with glass-fiber mats or ply sheets, are embedded to create a durable roofing membrane. The top layer, whether a rock-finished flood coat or granule surface cap sheet, determines the ease of future repairs and maintenance.
Pros: Comprising alternating layers of asphalt and reinforcing fabrics, BUR provides excellent resistance to harsh weather conditions, thermal shock, punctures, and heavy foot traffic. This commercial roofing material offers a seamless, water-resistant surface and can last 30 to 40 years with proper maintenance.
Cons: Asphalt roofing’s multiple-layer installation requires the services of an experienced roofing contractor. Identification of roof leaks and repairs can also be challenging, especially if the gravel obscures damage. Because of the heavy weight of BUR systems, they demand strong understructures to support the load and reduce vibrations. The cost of installing a built-up roofing system typically ranges from $4 to $10 per square foot for standard installations, while high-end systems with additional layers or specialized materials can cost $11.50 to $15 per square foot.
Despite being a potentially costly and time-consuming process, built-up roofing is a reliable choice for commercial businesses requiring a long-lasting, durable roof.
Best for: Heavy-duty low-slope commercial roofs in harsh climates.
4. Metal Roofing
Metal roofing is an excellent choice for businesses prioritizing durability and aesthetics. Available in materials like aluminum, steel, galvalume, tile sheets, and copper, metal roofs offer a sleek, modern appearance while providing exceptional resistance to weather, fire, and UV rays. Metal roofs come in various colors, styles, and textures which makes them a suitable roofing material for aesthetic buildings and increasing resale value.
There are two types of metal roofing systems, namely, standing seam metal and screw-down metal. Standing seam roofing systems are particularly effective in preventing leaks and withstand high winds. Screw-down systems require periodic maintenance to ensure the fasteners remain secure. While the high upfront cost, ranging from $10.50 to $18.50 per square foot, can be a deterrent, its effective resistance leads to minimal maintenance costs.
Pros: Apart from being 100% recyclable, metal roofs can help commercial property owners save 10 to 25% energy bills annually. A study by Oak Ridge National Laboratory funded by the U.S. Department of Energy found that cool metal roofing can reduce urban heat island effects. Furthermore, metal roofs are a cost-effective option that can last more than 50 years.
Cons: It’s important to remember that metal roofs can corrode over time, especially in coastal areas, unless coated. They need specialized roofing installation and pose safety risks when accessed in slippery conditions.
Best for: Long-lasting, aesthetic low-slope or steep-slope roofs. Ideal for commercial owners looking for energy-efficient roofing materials.
5. Asphalt Shingles
Asphalt shingles are a staple in both residential and commercial roofing systems for steep-slope applications. Essentially, asphalt roof shingles are made with a fiberglass mat that is coated with waterproof asphalt. Its top layer is infused with stone granules for UV protection and aesthetics, while the shingles are manufactured in strips for easy installation. The three main types of asphalt shingle roofing are 3-tab shingles, architectural shingles, and designer shingles.
Pros: These commercial roofing systems are cost-effective and come in various styles and colors, providing versatility in design. Premium or designer shingles offer improved durability and wind resistance, lasting 15 to 30 years with proper care. Asphalt shingles are one of the most affordable roofing materials, with costs ranging from $3.50 to $8.00 per square foot. It is an attractive choice for budget-conscious property owners seeking moderate durability and aesthetic appeal.
Cons: The primary downside is, asphalt shingle roofing may not perform well in extreme weather and require frequent maintenance to prevent leaks. Additionally, it’s not environmentally friendly.
Best for: Affordable, versatile steep-slope commercial roofs that prioritize customization.
6. Green Roofs
Green roofs incorporate vegetation layers over a waterproof membrane, offering natural insulation and environmental benefits. This commercial roofing material improves air quality, reduces urban heat, and absorbs stormwater, enhancing sustainability. These vegetative roofing systems also provide a unique aesthetic appeal, creating usable green spaces for tenants or visitors. Garden roofs, a type of green roofing system, mimic the appearance of natural plant life atop drainage systems.
Pros: Regular maintenance, including irrigation and plant care, ensures its longevity up to 40 years or more. The GSA green roof report estimates that green roofs on commercial buildings have a national payback period of about 6.2 years, with a 5.2% internal rate of return and a 224% ROI, based on a net present value of $2.7 per square foot.
Cons: Green roofs require significant upfront investment, with costs ranging from $15.00 to $50.00 per square foot. Also, installing a green roof may require specialized equipment, a drainage system, and constant upkeep depending on the plant type, which can get expensive.
Despite these challenges, green roofs are an excellent choice for businesses committed to environmental sustainability and energy efficiency.
Best for: Eco-friendly, sustainable roofing solutions for commercial buildings.
7. Liquid-Applied Roofing (Spray Foam Roofing)
Liquid-applied roofing involves spraying or rolling a resin, such as polyurethane, acrylic, or silicone, onto the roof surface, creating a fully adhered and waterproof membrane. This system is effective for irregularly shaped roofs or older commercial buildings needing enhanced protection with low maintenance. Liquid-applied systems are reflective, improving energy efficiency, and can be recoated to extend their lifespan. Costs of liquid-applied roofing range from $4.00 to $8.00 per square foot.
Pros: Liquid-applied coatings are highly flexible, naturally sealing, and easy to apply on contoured surfaces. A spray polyurethane foam (SPF) is applied as a liquid that expands into a solid layer across a commercial roof. If properly installed and maintained, SPF commercial roofing systems can last for more than 50 years. Similar to liquid coatings, spray foam roofing expands and contracts into the building, making it highly robust against leaks and tears. On average, the cost to install a spray foam roof ranges from $3.50 to $7.00 per square foot.
Cons: Compared to other roofing materials, spray foam or liquid coating may not provide extensive color options. They have low permeability and need a uniform thickness. Hence, skilled application by a commercial roofing company is key, as improper installation can affect performance.
Best for: High-grade waterproofing for irregular or aging commercial building roofs.
Key Factors to Determine the Best Roofing Material for Your Commercial Building
Before choosing a roofing material, evaluate these critical factors:
- Durability: Assess the material’s resistance to weather, UV rays, and wear. Metal roofing and built-up systems offer exceptional longevity, while EPDM and PVC excel in various climates.
- Cost: Weigh initial installation and maintenance expenses against lifespan. Asphalt shingles and modified bitumen are cost-effective, while green roofs and metal require higher upfront investments but offer long-term savings.
- Energy Efficiency: Materials like TPO, PVC, and metal roofing can reduce cooling costs through reflectivity. Green roofs further enhance sustainability by improving insulation.
- Climate Compatibility: Choose a roofing material suited for the building’s environment. PVC resists humidity and wind, while EPDM performs well in temperate climates.
- Building Needs: Consider aesthetics, functionality, and traffic. Metal roofs suit sleek designs, while modified bitumen handles heavy foot traffic. Green roofs provide eco-friendly options for sustainable buildings.
Conclusion
Choosing the best commercial roofing material requires careful consideration of durability, cost, energy efficiency, and the unique needs of your building. Each option, from single-ply systems to modified bitumen roofing, offers distinct advantages tailored to specific applications and climates. By carefully evaluating the pros, cons, and costs of each material, you can make a well-informed decision that ensures your commercial roof system performs efficiently for years to come. Partner with experienced commercial roofing contractors at Constructive Solutions Inc. to find the ideal solution that aligns with your priorities.
FAQs
How to choose the best type of commercial roof material?
To choose the best commercial roofing material, consider durability, cost, energy efficiency, climate compatibility, and the specific functional and aesthetic needs of your building.
What are the top 5 roofing materials?
The top five roofing materials are TPO, PVC, EPDM (single-ply systems), modified bitumen, metal roofing, and built-up roofing (BUR).
Which roofing material lasts the longest?
Metal roofing is the longest-lasting material that can last more than 50 years if properly installed and maintained.
What type of roof is least likely to leak?
PVC and TPO roofing systems, with heat-welded seams, offer excellent leak resistance.
Relevant Resources:
- How to Fix a Leaking Roof: Repair Tips, Costs, and Maintenance
- 10 Valuable Benefits of Hiring a Local Commercial Builder
Constructive Solutions, Inc. is a full-service commercial construction company serving San Francisco and Bay Area.
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